Book of Abstracts
11th IFOAM
Scientific Conference
11-15 August 1996
Copenhagen, Denmark

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Beneficial Arthropods in Organic Vineyards E9

Rousseau, J. ; Bernadette, L. & Joulié, P.

CIVAM BIO LR-ITAB Mas de Saporta F-34970 Lattes SPV Mas de la Jasso F-11000 Carcassonne

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Very little is known concerning beneficial arthropods in Mediterranean vineyards, besides phytoseids, and particularly concerning their action on Scaphoïdeus tintanus, a leafhopper vector of a M.L.O. disease, flavescence dorée. Observations by beating were realized on 18 organic vineyards between May and June. All arthropods cannot be observed by beating: those living at ground level, and those too small, such as phytoseidae (Acri) are not caught. Winged adults (Hymenopters, Dipters) are less frequent during the day than early morning. Nevertheless, it is a convenient method.

Polyphageous predators are the most frequent arthropods. Spiders: Salticidae, Thomisidae (Xysticus sp. Philodromus sp), Gnaphosidae, Angiopidae; Acari: Anystis sp, Thrombiculidae, Thrombididae, Phytoseidae (previous survey showed that Kamplimodromus aberrans is largely dominant in southern vineyards, accompanied with Typhlodromus pyri, Neoseiulus californicus, Paraseilulus soleiger, Typhlodromus phialatus...); Heteropters: Anthocorodae (Orius sp, Anthocoris sp), Miridae (Malacocoris chlorizans), Reduviidae; ants like Myrmicinae (Pheidole sp, Solenopsis sp); Coleopters like Coccinellidae (mainly Symnus sp and Stethorus sp); Neropters, mainly Chrysopidae and Coniopterygidae. All these arthropods have predatory action on a large range of insects. Most of them seem to appear quite late on the vine, excepted spiders, Anystidae, Phytoseidae and Miridae.
Parasites were less often observed. They were mainly hymenopters, parasites of grape-twicklers (Lobesia botrana): Braconidae, Chalcidoïdae, Ichneumonidae, Drynidae.

Some possible parasist of S. titanus were observer: a Mymaridae (Anagrus sp), a Drynidae (Aphelopus sp), and a Pipunculidae (Chalarus sp). Their effect on the regulation of the leafhopper population could not be estimated. Laboratory tests showed that Thomisidae, Salticidae, Anystis agilis, Chrysopa lucasina, have a significant predatory action on S. titanus, and at a smaller scale, M. chlorizans, Macrolophus, Nabidae and Myrmicinae.
Further investigations must be done to have complete knowledge of the beneficial arthropods in vineyards, and concerning their agronomic interest in the case of flavescence dorée.

Delucchi, V. (1995): Le problème des cicadelles de la vigne: importance du parasitisme sur le dévelopment des populations. Colloque AgribioMédditerranée Marseille 24-26/11/94. GRAB-ITAB. Paris.

Fauvel, G.; Rambier, A. & Baldurque-Martin, R. (1987): La technique du battage pour la surveillance des ravageurs des cultures légumières et florales. Comparaison des résultats obtenus en vergers de pommiers avec des entonnoirs rigides de taille moyenne et avec des entonnoirs en toile. Etude de l'influence de quelques facteurs sur l'efficacité du battage. Agronomie, 1 (2), 105-113.

Bernadette, L.; Joulié, P. & Rousseau, J. (1996): Flavescence dorée: quels antagonistes naturels de la cicadelle? Alter-Agri, 16, 12-15. ITAB, Paris.